A number of European cities recently set out to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. In view of the challenges lying ahead, public authorities recognize the need to accelerate and intensify the shift. This keynote presentation examines the role of governance and public policies in shaping (enabling, blocking) the shift towards carbon neutrality in transport by comparing transition processes across European cities. Carbon neutral urban policy developments are expected to be, in parts only, shaped by the objectives set as part of the global climate policy agenda. In the absence of a single universal coordinating mode or a widely recognized approach for governing the shift to the carbon neutral urban transport, this city model combines somewhat uneasily with existing administrative structures and policy documents.